Cayenne
peppers are long, slender and not very fleshy. These chiles are often
straight, but can curl at the end and are a dark red color when full ripe.
Cayenne pepper has probably gained prominence do to its long cultivation and
early introduction to Europeans. Cayenne pepper plants were being grown by
native Americans when Christopher Columbus first came to the new world and
some types of chile peppers have been grown in South and Central America for
thousands of years.
Cayenne pepper is especially prominent in Indian, Asian
and American cooking where it is appreciated for its intense immediate heat
that doesn't tend to linger.
Cayenne pepper is named after the capital of French
Guiana, Cayenne. The world "pepper" comes from a century old confusion
started by Christopher Columbus when he mistakenly believed he had reached
the West Indies and had found a relative of black pepper. Of course he was
wrong and had actually reached the New World, but the name stuck and all
fruits produced by plants in the genus Capsicum are now generically called
"peppers".