In 2000, scientists at India's Defense Research
Laboratory (DRL) reported a rating of 855,000 units on the Scoville scale
and in 2004 a Indian company obtained a rating of 1,041,427 units through HPLC analysis. This makes it almost twice as hot as the Red Savina pepper,
Guinness World Record holder at that time. For comparison, Tabasco red
pepper sauce rates at 2,500-5,000, and pure capsaicin (the chemical
responsible for the pungency of pepper plants) rates at
15,000,000–16,000,000 Scoville units.
In 2005, at New Mexico State University Chile Pepper
Institute near Las Cruces, New Mexico, regents Professor Paul Bosland found
Bhut Jolokia grown from seed in southern New Mexico to have a Scoville
rating of 1,001,304 SHU by HPLC. In February 2007, Guinness World Records
certified the Bhut Jolokia (Prof. Bosland's preferred name for the pepper)
as the world's hottest chili pepper.
The effect of climate on the Scoville rating of Bhut
Jolokia peppers is dramatic. A 2005 Indian study that compared the
percentage availability of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in Bhut Jolokia
peppers grown in both Tezpur (Assam) and Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh) showed
that the heat of the pepper is decreased by over 50% in Gwalior's more arid
climate (similar temperatures but less humid, much lower rainfall). Ripe
peppers measure 60 to 85 mm (2.4 to 3.3 in) long and 25 to 30 mm (1.0 to 1.2
in) wide with an orange or red color. They are similar in appearance to the habanero pepper, but have a rougher, dented skin – a main characteristic of
the Bhut Jolokia.